Milia – understanding and properly caring for small skin bumps

Milia, also known as milk spots, are small white or yellowish bumps that usually appear on the face – particularly around the eyes, on the cheeks or temples. They are harmless, but many find them bothersome as they make the skin look uneven.

What are milia?

Milia form when keratin (a protein also found in hair and nails) becomes trapped in small pockets beneath the skin’s surface. They resemble tiny pimples but differ clearly:
    •    they are hard, not inflamed and painless
    •    they are not caused by bacteria or oil, but by keratinised skin cells
    •    they cannot be squeezed out like blackheads or pimples

Causes of milia

Milia can have several triggers:
    •    Keratinisation disorders: skin cells do not renew evenly.
    •    Sun damage: UV radiation can thicken the skin structure.
    •    Inappropriate skincare: overly rich or unsuitable products may contribute to their formation.
    •    Skin injuries: they may also occur after irritation or procedures.
    •    Genetic predisposition: some people are naturally more prone.

Treatment and tips

    1.    No self-treatment: do not try to squeeze them – this can damage the skin and cause scarring.
    2.    Professional removal: dermatologists or aestheticians can gently remove milia using a sterile needle or laser.
    3.    Prevention through skincare:
    •    gentle exfoliation with AHA (e.g. lactic acid, glycolic acid) or BHA (salicylic acid) to promote cell renewal
    •    lightweight, non-comedogenic skincare – especially around the eyes (avoid mineral oils)
    •    daily sun protection to prevent skin damage

Conclusion
Milia are harmless but cosmetically bothersome. With gentle, consistent skincare and regular cell renewal, new milia can often be prevented – but existing ones should be removed by a professional.